The Baseballist: Mining For Power Prospects Around The Diamond
Scouts don’t rely on the number in the “home runs” column when grading a young player’s raw power—and neither should fantasy owners.
Instead, scouts study hitters in batting practice to see (and hear) how the ball comes off his bat. They also consider the quality and frequency of a batter’s hard contact in games. So to some extent, the outs a batter consumes when not going deep, or what he does when not putting the ball in play, are irrelevant to his raw-power evaluation. This particularly holds for talented young players who are not yet fully developed hitters.
For this reason, the long-standing fantasy baseball resource Baseball HQ evaluates power using a metric they call linear-weighted power (LwPwr), which measures the quality of a batter’s extra-base production per ball in play. (Read all about it here.) Using the LwPwr formula, doubles and triples are weighted at 0.8, while home runs are weighted at 1.4, and the sum of those values is then divided by a batter’s at-bats (minus) strikeouts. This ignores what a batter does while not putting the ball in play, so you must factor his strikeout and walk rates separately.
One can then scale this LwPWr value to the league average to determine what Baseball HQ calls linear-weighted power index (PX), which is what I have used in this piece to rank prospects at each position. Think of PX as a power ceiling for each player, because as noted, strikeouts are not counted against him.
Adding one further wrinkle to the PX formula, I adjusted it for the home-run park factor for each player. This step is important, because minor league parks feature radically different home-run conditions. The end result of this calculation is the number found in the PX column throughout. Keep in mind that because PX is an index, a value of 100 is average, while those who score at 150 would be 50 percent better than league average(s).
So that you can assess the PX metric yourself, here are the American and National league leaders for park-adjusted power index in 2015. Batters require 300 plate appearances, and the doubles column includes triples.
American |
PA |
2B | HR | PX | National | PA | 2B | HR | PX |
M. Sano | 335 | 18 | 18 | 210 | G. Stanton | 318 | 13 | 27 | 280 |
M. Trout | 682 | 38 | 41 | 192 | R. Grichuk | 350 | 30 | 17 | 225 |
J.D. Martinez | 657 | 35 | 38 | 190 | B. Harper | 654 | 39 | 42 | 212 |
C. Davis | 670 | 31 | 47 | 180 | P. Goldschmidt | 695 | 40 | 33 | 191 |
N. Cruz | 655 | 23 | 44 | 172 | B. Belt | 556 | 38 | 18 | 187 |
D. Ortiz | 614 | 37 | 37 | 167 | M. Carpenter | 665 | 47 | 28 | 182 |
C. Rasmus | 485 | 25 | 25 | 165 | L. Duda | 554 | 33 | 27 | 180 |
J. Donaldson | 711 | 43 | 41 | 164 | B. Crawford | 561 | 37 | 21 | 177 |
C. Carter | 460 | 17 | 24 | 164 | J. Bour | 446 | 20 | 23 | 167 |
J. Bautista | 666 | 32 | 40 | 163 | N. Arenado | 665 | 47 | 42 | 160 |
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Now, let’s turn our attention to prospects, specifically those who appear in the 2016 Prospect Handbook. I have filtered players by their primary position and have considered only statistics from full-season minor leagues. The Level column represents primary level in 2015, while OPS+ is a league-adjusted, park-adjusted production index, similar to the Baseball-Reference.com version.
Take note fantasy players in deep keeper leagues, especially if you’re looking for potential power sources down the line. You’ll note that these tables skew toward players at the Class A levels. I think this is true for two reasons: (1) a larger gap in production exists between players at the lower levels, and (2) players who spent most of 2015 at Double-A or Triple-A were more likely be called up, thus disqualifying them for these rankings.
For example, the following players in the Prospect Handbook would have ranked on the power-index tables below had they not been promoted to the majors: outfielders Max Kepler (165), Steven Moya (219), Peter O’Brien (205), Jarrett Parker (219) and Mac Williamson (163); third basemen Joey Gallo (236), Jefry Marte (195) and Richie Shaffer (256); second baseman Rob Refsnyder (130), shortstop Corey Seager (141) and catchers Gary Sanchez (198) and Tom Murphy (191).
We begin with the most powerful positions—first base and outfield—and from there work our way down to shortstop and catcher.
First Base |
|||||||||
No. | Player |
B |
Org | Level | PA | OPS+ | SO% | BB% | PX |
1 | Bobby Bradley | L | CLE | Lo A | 474 | 166 | 31.6 | 12.0 | 238 |
2 | Cody Bellinger | L | LAD | Hi A | 544 | 137 | 27.6 | 9.6 | 213 |
3 | Nellie Rodriguez | R | CLE | Hi A | 565 | 124 | 28.1 | 10.6 | 206 |
4 | Kyle Martin | L | PHI | Lo A | 272 | 131 | 20.6 | 6.3 | 202 |
5 | Rhys Hoskins | R | PHI | Lo A | 567 | 177 | 17.5 | 9.7 | 189 |
6 | Matt Olson | L | OAK | AA | 585 | 127 | 23.8 | 17.9 | 180 |
7 | Ryan O’Hearn | L | KC | Lo A | 537 | 133 | 26.3 | 10.2 | 177 |
8 | Casey Gillaspie | B | TB | Lo A | 313 | 142 | 16.6 | 10.2 | 172 |
9 | A.J. Reed | L | HOU | Hi A | 622 | 176 | 19.6 | 13.8 | 156 |
10 | Jake Bauers | L | TB | AA | 534 | 130 | 13.9 | 9.4 | 152 |
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Just Missed: The Blue Jays’ Rowdy Tellez (140) and the Orioles’ Trey Mancini (139) would have cracked the top 20.
Top Dog: The Indians’ Bobby Bradley cranked 27 home runs, drove in 92 runs and slugged .529 at low Class A Lake County to lead the Midwest League in all three categories.
The Newcomer: The Phillies selected South Carolina senior Kyle Martin in the fourth round last year, and he collected 28 extra-base hits in 65 game at low Class A Lakewood after signing. He showed the ability to drive the ball out from foul pole to foul pole in college.
The Top Prospect: The Astros’ A.J. Reed ranks No. 11 on this year’s Top 100 Prospects.
Nowhere To Go But Up: The Rangers’ Ronald Guzman (80) is the only full-season first baseman in the Prospect Handbook to come in under 100 for park-adjusted power index. He did most of his damage at high Class A High Desert, a notorious hitter’s haven. Guzman slugged just .371 in California League road games last year.
Outfield |
|||||||||
No. | Player |
B |
Org | Level | PA | OPS+ | SO% | BB% | PX |
1 | Adam Brett Walker | R | MIN | AA | 560 | 117 | 34.8 | 9.1 | 273 |
2 | Jabari Blash | R | SD | AA | 476 | 160 | 25.8 | 12.4 | 229 |
3 | Christin Stewart | L | DET | Lo A | 216 | 151 | 20.8 | 8.3 | 228 |
4 | Jordan Patterson | L | COL | Hi A | 541 | 162 | 24.0 | 5.5 | 226 |
5 | Victor Roache | R | MIL | Hi A | 513 | 133 | 30.8 | 8.6 | 202 |
6 | Harrison Bader | R | STL | Lo A | 228 | 156 | 19.3 | 6.6 | 201 |
7 | Aaron Judge | R | NYY | AA | 540 | 131 | 26.7 | 9.8 | 199 |
8 | Mike Gerber | L | DET | Lo A | 583 | 138 | 16.6 | 8.4 | 194 |
9 | Ian Happ | B | CHC | Lo A | 165 | 121 | 23.6 | 10.3 | 188 |
10 | Andrew Benintendi | L | BOS | Lo A | 86 | 188 | 10.5 | 11.6 | 188 |
11 | Bubba Starling | R | KC | AA | 418 | 128 | 25.8 | 8.9 | 180 |
12 | Clint Coulter | R | MIL | Hi A | 569 | 131 | 16.2 | 8.1 | 174 |
13 | Jon Kemmer | L | HOU | AA | 425 | 185 | 20.9 | 10.6 | 173 |
14 | Jacob Scavuzzo | R | LAD | Hi A | 481 | 136 | 20.4 | 5.8 | 170 |
15 | Taylor Motter | R | TB | AAA | 558 | 145 | 17.0 | 10.2 | 169 |
16 | Courtney Hawkins | R | CWS | AA | 330 | 102 | 30.3 | 6.1 | 169 |
17 | Bradley Zimmer | L | CLE | Hi A | 549 | 136 | 23.9 | 10.0 | 166 |
18 | Hunter Cole | R | SF | Hi A | 499 | 143 | 20.0 | 7.6 | 166 |
19 | Wuilmer Becerra | R | NYM | Lo A | 487 | 130 | 19.7 | 6.8 | 164 |
20 | Ben Gamel | L | NYY | AAA | 551 | 149 | 19.6 | 8.3 | 163 |
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Just Missed: Hard-hitting outfielders Clint Frazier (162) of the Indians, Hunter Renfroe (157) of the Padres and Lewis Brinson (149) of the Rangers all finished inside the top 30, but just outside the top 20.
Top Dog: Double-A Chattanooga corner outfielder Adam Brett Walker led the Southern League with 31 homers, 106 RBIs and 65 extra-base hits last season, but his strikeout rate must come down for him to maximize his incredible raw power.
The Newcomers: Four college outfielders selected in the 2015 draft stood out for their power production last summer: the Tigers’ Christin Stewart (Tennessee, first round), the Cardinals’ Harrison Bader (Florida, third), the Cubs’ Ian Happ (Cincinnati, first) and reigning BA College Player of the Year Andrew Benintendi (Arkansas, first) of the Red Sox. Note that the Cubs plan to play Happ at second base in 2016.
The Top Prospect: No. 15 Andrew Benintendi takes the honor, but only because No. 2 Byron Buxton (148) reached the majors and is thus disqualified for this list.
Nowhere To Go But Up: The Brewers’ Kyle Wren (35), the Orioles’ Josh Hart (39) and the Blue Jays’ Roemon Fields (47) are the only full-season outfielders in the Prospect Handbook to bat more than 100 times and check in under 50 for park-adjusted power index. All three are speed-first players with fifth-outfielder or pinch-runner aspirations.
Third Base |
|||||||||
No. | Player |
B |
Org | Level | PA | OPS+ | SO% | BB% | PX |
1 | Ryan McMahon | L | COL | Hi A | 556 | 158 | 27.5 | 8.8 | 220 |
2 | Eric Jagielo | L | CIN | AA | 248 | 150 | 23.4 | 7.3 | 211 |
3 | Michael Chavis | R | BOS | Lo A | 471 | 94 | 30.6 | 6.2 | 203 |
4 | Taylor Sparks | R | CIN | Hi A | 493 | 127 | 32.9 | 6.1 | 192 |
5 | Eudor Garcia | L | NYM | Lo A | 429 | 134 | 22.1 | 5.1 | 178 |
6 | Jomar Reyes | R | BAL | Lo A | 335 | 126 | 21.8 | 5.4 | 169 |
7 | Brian Anderson | R | MIA | Hi A | 530 | 109 | 20.6 | 7.5 | 165 |
8 | Rafael Devers | L | BOS | Lo A | 508 | 120 | 16.5 | 4.7 | 154 |
9 | Paul DeJong | R | STL | Lo A | 247 | 136 | 17.4 | 9.3 | 153 |
10 | Miguel Andujar | R | NYY | Hi A | 520 | 100 | 17.3 | 5.6 | 153 |
11 | Renato Nunez | R | OAK | AA | 416 | 121 | 15.9 | 6.7 | 152 |
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Just Missed: The Royals’ Hunter Dozier (142) and the Cubs’ Jeimer Candelario (138) both hit for power and both finished the season at Double-A. The Athletics’ Matt Chapman (130) led the minors in isolated slugging percentage (.316) among batters with at least 300 plate appearances. He played half his games at a power-friendly park at high Class A Stockton, however, and hit 16 of his 23 homers at home.
Top Dog: The Rockies’ Ryan McMahon led the California League with 43 doubles at high Class A Modesto, and he began to unlock home-run power in the second half, slamming 12 of his 18 homers.
The Newcomer: The Cardinals’ Paul DeJong, a fourth-round pick last year from Illinois State, has a “sound, aggressive swing with good plate coverage and above-average raw power that plays,” we wrote in his draft scouting report.
The Top Prospect: With No. 10 Joey Gallo having reached the big leagues, No. 18 Rafael Devers of the Red Sox is the top-ranked third-base prospect.
Nowhere To Go But Up: The Mets’ Jhoan Urena (52) suffered injuries to both wrists that hampered his ability to swing the bat at high Class A St. Lucie. Among healthy prospects, the Indians’ Yandy Diaz (83) is a fine defender and an excellent contact hitter, but power is not his strong suit.
Second Base |
|||||||||
No. | Player |
B |
Org | Level | PA | OPS+ | SO% | BB% | PX |
1 | Yoan Moncada | B | BOS | Lo A | 363 | 134 | 22.9 | 11.6 | 164 |
2 | Travis Demeritte | R | TEX | Lo A | 198 | 115 | 34.8 | 12.6 | 160 |
3 | Joey Wendle | L | OAK | AAA | 618 | 118 | 18.4 | 3.6 | 147 |
4 | Sean Coyle | R | BOS | AAA | 148 | 75 | 29.7 | 13.5 | 143 |
5 | Wendell Rijo | R | BOS | Hi A | 455 | 105 | 20.7 | 7.5 | 140 |
6 | Fernando Perez | L | SD | Hi A | 492 | 82 | 23.4 | 7.9 | 128 |
7 | Willie Calhoun | L | LAD | Hi A | 148 | 166 | 13.5 | 8.1 | 127 |
8 | Jamie Westbrook | R | ARI | Hi A | 527 | 131 | 13.1 | 4.6 | 123 |
9 | Alen Hanson | B | PIT | AAA | 529 | 107 | 17.2 | 7.0 | 122 |
10 | Joey Pankake | R | DET | Lo A | 525 | 106 | 17.9 | 9.9 | 120 |
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Just Missed: The Cardinals’ Jacob Wilson (119) hits for power from the right side and plays both second and third base, but the Cardinals blocked his path to playing time when they traded for Jedd Gyorko in the offseason.
Top Dog: Fully healthy in the second half of 2015, Yoan Moncada hit .310/.415/.500 with seven of his eight homers at low Class A Greenville. He also stole 45 bases in 48 tries and is the most dynamic power-speed prospect in the game.
The Newcomer: The Dodgers selected Willie Calhoun in the fourth round of the 2015 draft out of Yavapai (Ariz.) JC. He led all NJCAA Division I hitters with 31 bombs last year, then slammed 35 extra-base hits in 73 pro games as he worked his way to high Class A Rancho Cucamonga. Calhoun is a 5-foot-8 lefthanded batter with no natural position, but he excels at turning on pitches for plus pull power.
The Top Prospect: Moncada ranks No. 3 on this year’s Top 100 Prospects.
Nowhere To Go But Up: The Astros’ Tony Kemp (54) and the Yankees’ Ronald Torreyes (55) are undersized spray hitters with plus bat-to-ball skills who can play multiple positions.
Shortstop |
|||||||||
No. | Player |
B |
Org | Level | PA | OPS+ | SO% | BB% | PX |
1 | Willy Adames | R | TB | Hi A | 456 | 127 | 27.0 | 11.8 | 186 |
2 | Trevor Story | R | COL | AAA | 575 | 130 | 24.5 | 8.9 | 179 |
3 | Javier Guerra | L | SD | Lo A | 477 | 122 | 23.5 | 6.3 | 165 |
4 | JaCoby Jones | R | DET | Hi A | 594 | 116 | 27.8 | 8.2 | 157 |
5 | Chad Pinder | R | OAK | AA | 522 | 131 | 19.7 | 5.4 | 142 |
6 | Alex Blandino | R | CIN | Hi A | 480 | 146 | 16.0 | 10.2 | 136 |
7 | Jorge Mateo | R | NYY | Lo A | 500 | 121 | 19.6 | 8.6 | 134 |
8 | Osvaldo Abreu | R | WAS | Lo A | 513 | 121 | 17.3 | 9.7 | 131 |
9 | Marco Hernandez | L | BOS | AA | 484 | 127 | 18.2 | 3.5 | 126 |
10 | Malquin Canelo | R | PHI | Hi A | 559 | 121 | 16.5 | 6.6 | 121 |
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Just Missed: The Royals’ Raul A. Mondesi (115), the Giants’ Christian Arroyo (113) and the Nationals’ Trea Turner (112) all finished just outside the top 10. All three have high ceilings, while also having questions to answer.
Top Dog: The Rays’ Willy Adames hit just four home runs at high Class A Charlotte and struck out more than a quarter of the time, yet he has the quick hands and projection to grow into above-average power. He hits for plenty of thump now, but a tough home-run park muted Adames’ production last season, as did a bone bruise in his elbow.
The Newcomer: The Reds selected Stanford shortstop Alex Blandino in the first round of the 2014 draft, and he zoomed to Double-A Pensacola late in the 2015 season. His blend of power and on-base skills make him a potential starting middle infielder in the big leagues.
The Top Prospect: No. 26 Jorge Mateo turned in a higher park-adjusted power index than several prospects ranked ahead of him on the Top 100 Prospects, including No. 6 J.P. Crawford, No. 8 Orlando Arcia, No. 9 Turner and No. 17 Dansby Swanson.
Nowhere To Go But Up: The Reds’ Carlton Daal (21), the Twins’ Engelb Vielma (37) and the Padres’ Luis Urias (38) rely on defensive versatility and high contact rates—but not power—to stand out from the field.
Catcher |
|||||||||
No. | Player |
B |
Org | Level | PA | OPS+ | SO% | BB% | PX |
1 | Aramis Garcia | R | SF | Lo A | 447 | 124 | 22.1 | 9.8 | 164 |
2 | Alex Murphy | R | BAL | Lo A | 134 | 115 | 23.1 | 8.2 | 152 |
3 | Jorge Alfaro | R | PHI | AA | 207 | 94 | 29.5 | 4.3 | 151 |
4 | Chase Vallot | R | KC | Lo A | 333 | 114 | 31.5 | 12.3 | 149 |
5 | Deivi Gullon | R | PHI | Lo A | 424 | 81 | 24.8 | 5.4 | 146 |
6 | Andrew Knapp | B | PHI | Hi A | 522 | 155 | 20.3 | 9.8 | 146 |
7 | Justin O’Conner | R | TB | AA | 444 | 81 | 29.1 | 2.9 | 137 |
8 | Cam Gallagher | R | KC | Hi A | 290 | 104 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 130 |
9 | Carson Kelly | R | STL | Hi A | 419 | 78 | 15.3 | 5.3 | 130 |
10 | Victor Caratini | B | CHC | Hi A | 453 | 122 | 16.6 | 10.8 | 127 |
11 | Jacob Nottingham | R | MIL | Hi A | 511 | 144 | 19.4 | 6.5 | 120 |
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Just Missed: The Dodgers’ Austin Barnes (119), the Pirates’ Elias Diaz (115) and the Cubs’ Willson Contreras (108) could be major league starters at some point during the next two seasons.
Top Dog: The Giants’ Aramis Garcia projects more as an average hitter with average power, but the talent level at catcher in the minors is down right now, especially with Gary Sanchez and Tom Murphy out of the picture. Garcia hit 15 homers in 83 games at low Class A Augusta last season before a late promotion to high Class A San Jose.
The Newcomer: “He has some of the best raw power in the (2014) high school class,” we wrote in the Royals’ Chase Vallot’s draft scouting report. “He struggled against velocity on the showcase circuit, showing swing-and-miss tendencies . . . He has a quick, easy swing with natural leverage that produces hard contact and has drawn rave reviews.” That report appears apt after Vallot, a supplemental first-round pick in 2014, hit .219 with 13 homers at low Class A Lexington last season, when he struck out nearly 32 percent of the time.
The Top Prospect: No player on this ranking cracked the Top 100 Prospects.
Nowhere To Go But Up: The Astros’ Alfredo Gonzalez (36) and the Pirates’ Reese McGuire (46) have strong defensive tools but have not yet hit much as professionals.
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